教学内容之巴公井开创作 知识点一：一般现在时 【知识梳理】 (1)一般现在时的基本结构和变更 ①be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 e.g. I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 ②行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。一般现在时主要用动词的原形暗示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加\"s\"或\"es\" e.g. He gets up early in the morning. ①be动词的变更： A.否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。 B. 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 Are you a student? Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. C. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。Where is my bike? ②行为动词的变更： A.否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。I don't like bread./He doesn't like bread. B. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. C. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。How does your father go to work? （注意回顾动词第三人称单数形式变更规则） 一般情况下在词尾加s help→helps, clean→cleans, play→plays, wear→wears, give→gives; 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词在词尾加es dress→dresses, fix→fixes, watch→watches, finish→finishes;以“辅音字母加y”结尾的动词，把y变成i，再study→studies, carry→carries, fly→flies ） (2)一般现在时的用法 •1.暗示经常性或习惯性的动作或行为。常与always, sometimes, often, usually, never等副词连用。 e.g. I go to school every day except Saturdays and Sundays. My mother often gets up at 6 o’clock. 2.暗示现在的状态，能力，性格，个性。e.g. My father teaches maths. Lin Yan dances well. 3.暗示普遍真理或客观事实。e.g. The earth moves around the sun.The sun rises in the east. 【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。如：Our physics teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. 我们的物理老师说光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快得多，在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中，用现在时暗示将来的动作，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时。 如：I will email you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你发邮件。 If you come this afternoon, we will have a meeting. 如果你今天下午能来，我们就开会。 【例题精讲】 例1. ——Who is that lady? ——She’s Miss Green. She ____ us music, and she is so good. A. taught B. teaches C. will teach D. is teaching 例2.——I think I’ll take a bus to the meeting. ——The bus? If you ____, you will be late. A. do B. have done C. will do 例3. Unless the weather ____, we will have to cancel the picnic. A. improve B. improves C. improved D. will improve 例4.We don’t know if our friend ____. If he ____, we’ll let you know. A. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; comes 例5. Our geography teacher told us that the earth ____ the sun. A. went around B. goes around C. is going around D. was going around 【课堂练习】 1. Look! A dog ____ a blind man across the road. A. leads B. lead C. is leading D. led 2. They usually ____ TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches 3. He hardly ____ up early． A. gets B. get C. doesn’t get D. don’t get 4. John ____ football. A. likes playing B. likes play C. like play 5. Frank usually ____ in touch with his primary school teachers by email. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. will keep 知识点二：一般过去时 【知识梳理】 (1)一般过去时的基本结构和变更 1. 定义：暗示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。 2. 结构：“主语+动词的过去式” 3.句型转化： ①be 动词的过去时的句型如下： A. 否定句： 主语 + be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not… B. 疑问句： be动词的过去式（was, were）+ 主语 …？ a. He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。 b. He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。 c. Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙吗？ d. There weren’t any boys in the room.房间里没有男孩儿。 e.g. There weren’t any boys in the room.房间里没有男孩儿。 Were there any boys in the room? 房间里有男孩儿吗？ ②行为动词的否定式和疑问式： A. 否定式：行为动词前加上did not或缩略式didn’t,并把这个行为动词改为动词原形。 a. I called Lin Tao yesterday afternoon. →I did not / didn’t call Lin Tao yesterday afternoon. b. I borrowed a book from Sun Yang last Sunday. B. 一般疑问式：若在陈述句中只有行为动词的过去式,那就得在句首加上一个助动词did来帮忙提问,然后把句中的行为动词由过去式改为动词原形,并在句末打上问号。回答时别忘了还用did。 a. We stayed there for 10 days last month. → Did you stay there for 10 days last month? Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t. b. Mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening. → Did Mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening? Yes, she did. / No, we didn’t. • (2)规则动词的变更 过去式（规则变更） 一般情况下，直接在动词词watch → watched 尾加ed。 以不发音字母e结尾的动词在词尾加d。 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，再在词尾加ed。 plant → planted like → liked move → moved study → studied carry → carried 重读闭音节动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写词尾的辅音字母，再在词尾加ed。 过去式(be动词) （不规则变更） stop → stopped shop → shopped am / is → was are → were do → did (3)不规则动词的过去式和过去分词 第一组AAA 1. cost—cost—cost 2. cut—cut—cut 3. hit—hit—hit 4. let—let—let 5. put—put—put 6. set—set—set 7. read—read—read 第二组ABC 1. break—broke—broken 2. choose—chose—chosen 3. speak—spoke—spoken 4. steal—stole—stolen 5. wake—woke—woken 6. forget—forgot—forgotten 7.take—took—taken 8.give—gave—given 9.hide—hid—hidden 10. drive—drove—driven 11. write—wrote—written 12. rise—rose—risen 13. ride—rode—ridden 14. eat—ate—eaten 第三组ABC 1. know—knew—known 2. grow—grew—grown 3. throw—threw—thrown 4. fly—flew—flown 5. show—showed—shown 第四组ABB 1. build—built—built 2. burn—burnt—burnt 3. mean—meant—meant 4. lend—lent—lent 5. send—sent—sent 6. spend—spent—spent 第五组ABB 1. keep—kept—kept 2. sweep—swept—swept 3. sleep—slept—slept 4. leave—left—left 5. feel—felt—felt 6. smell—smelt—smelt 7. lose—lost—lost 8. learn—learnt—learnt (learned—learned) 9. get—got—got 10. do—did—done 11. go—went—gone 第六组ABB 1. make—made—made 2. hear—heard—heard 3. have—had—had 4. bring—brought—brought 5. find—found—found 6.buy—bought—bought 7. think—thought—thought 8. teach—taught—taught 第七组 ABB 1. dig—dug—dug 2. lead—led—led 3. hold—held—held 4. meet—met—met 5. say—said—said 6. pay—paid—paid 7. win—won—won 8. sell—sold—sold 9. tell—told—told 10. stand—stood—stood 11. understand—understood—understood 12. sit—sat—sat 13. wear—wore—worn 第八组ABC 1. begin—began—begun 2. swim—swam—swum 3. sing—sang—sung 4. ring—rang—rung 5. drink—drank—drunk 6. come—came—come 7. become—became—become 8. see—saw—seen 9. run—ran—run 11. lie—lay—lain—lying（躺） 12. lie—lied—lied—lying（说慌）13. lay—laid—laid(放) (4)一般过去时的用法 ①暗示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week (month, year...), ago, just now, at the age of…, in 1980等连用。如： At the age of ten, she began to learn to play the piano. 十岁的时候，她开始学弹钢琴。 ②暗示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与暗示频度的时间状语连用。如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 当我是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。 【例题精讲】 例1.——Where did you go last weekend? ——I ____ to the Great Wall. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 例2.Last week Vivian ____ a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary. A. buy B. bought C. will buy D. would buy 例3. Oh no! I ____ my book in the lab. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. was leaving 例4.——Your coat fits you well. ——Thank you. I ____ it when I was on vacation. A. have bought B. buy C. bought 例5.My husband always _____ me flowers every week before we got married, but now he never ____. A. sent; does B. sends; does C. was going to send; do D. sent; do 【课堂练习】 1. ——Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last? ——Yes, they ____ a plan and did it. A. were working out B. worked out C. are working out D. have worked out 2. Yesterday the teacher told us the earth ____ the sun. A. goes around B. went around C. is going around D. would go around 3. ——Lucy has ____ to London. How can I get in touch with her? ——Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she ____ there. A. been; will get B. been; gets C. gone; will get D. gone; gets 4. ——Oh, no! I can’t find my mobile phone! ——Well, where ____ you last put it. A. have B. do C. did 5. ——Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol? ——Yes, I ____ in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice. A. had stayed B. stay C. stayed D. have stayed 知识点三一般将来时 【知识梳理】 (1)一般将来时的结构 ① will+动词原形，常与暗示将来的时间状语连用。如： e.g. I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。 ②be going to+动词原形 暗示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，主语一般是人。如： e.g. I am going to be 15 next week. 下周我就15岁了。 ③will 和be going to 的区别 be going to与will两者都可暗示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别： A. be going to 暗示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 暗示的将来时间则较远一些，如： e.g. He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. B. be going to 暗示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will暗示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 e.g. He is seriously ill. He is going to die. C. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： e.g. She is going to have a trip. He will be here in half an hour. ④在有条件从句的主句中，一般不必 be going to, 而多用will, 如： e.g. If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you. (2)用法 ①暗示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与暗示将来的时间状语如：tomorrow, soon, next day (week, month, year...), in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow等连用。如： e.g. I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week. 下周我将要去上海旅行。 ②当主句为一般将来时，在以after, when, while, as soon as, if, unless等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时暗示将来。如： e.g. I will do it better if the teacher gives me another chance. 如果老师再给我次机会，我会做得更好的。 【例题精讲】 例1.Don’t away. Bill ____ you look after your dog when you are away on business. A. helps B. will help C. helping D. helped 例2.Just go down this road and you ____ the library next to the bank. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see 例3. With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ____ in our families in the future. A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. were appearing 例4. Many scientists believe that robots ____ able to talk like humans in 50 years. A. were B. are C. will be D. have been 例5. ——Have you returned the book to the library yet? ——Not yet. Don’t worry. I ____ it soon. A. return B. returned C. have returned D. will return 【课堂练习】 1. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ____ half of it. A. missed B. was missing C. will miss D. would miss 2. We are glad to hear that the Greens _________to a new flat next week. A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved 3. Eric won’t start the experiment until his teacher _________him how to do it. A. will show B. show C. shows D. showed 4. If you come to the party, you a good time. A. would have B. have C. will have D. to have 5. Let’ s enjoy the days with our classmates. We _________our junior high school in two months. A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished 课后作业 1. Is Jim in the office? No, he to the dining hall. A. goes B. would go C. has gone D. had gone 2. I called you this morning, but nobody answered it. Oh, we some running in the park. A. are doing B. were doing C. have done D. did 3. Her son the army for two months. She misses him very much. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. was in 4. The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it. A. travels B. traveled C. was traveling D. has traveled 5. I'm waiting for my sister. I won't go to see my uncle until . A. she comes B. she will come C. she doesn't come 6. Do you know the Englishman? Yes. I him for two years. A. get to know B. have known C. knew D. got to know 7. I my homework; I guess I can't join you. A. don't finish B. didn't finish C. haven't finished D. won't finish 8. Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia the first hotel in space in the near future. A. builds B. will build C. built D. has built 9. We have been friends . A. last year B. one year ago C. since we met last year D. when we met last year 10. Do you know if Cindy will drive to Italy this weekend? Cindy? Never! She driving. A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates 11. I called you several times this morning, but you didn't answer. Sorry. I tennis the whole morning. A. played B. is playing C. would play D. was playing 12. I a mistake. Please don't be angry with me. A. make B. made C. will make D. had made 13. I telephoned you yesterday afternoon but nobody answered. Oh, I a film at that time. A. see B. saw C. is seeing D. was seeing 14. Is this your first time to Xinjiang? No, I here several times. A. have gone B. haven't gone C. have been D. haven't been 15. We'll go for a picnic if it this Sunday. Wish you a lovely weekend. A. rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain 16. He Luzhou for three months. A. has left B. has come to C. has gone to D. has been away from 17. I my hometown for a long time. I really miss it! A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from 18. If you come to the party, you a good time. A. would have B. have C. will have D. to have 19. Mr. Brown in this factory since he was twentyfour years old. A. works B. worked C. will work D. has worked 20. Shush, be quiet! The baby in the next room. Oh, sorry. A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping 21. He for ten years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married 22. Did you hear someone knocking at the door just now? No,sir. I music. A. was listening to B. listened toC. am listening to D. would listen to 23. What were you doing this time yesterday? I on the grass and drawing a picture. A. A. sit B. sat C. am sitting D. was sitting 24. How was your trip to the ancient village? Fantastic! We to a natural museum of strange stones. A. go B. went C. are going D. will go 25. I hear Mr. Zhang has gone to Beijing for a meeting. Really? Do you know when he ? A. leaves B. was leaving C. has left D. left 26. Lisa, I called you just now. Where were you? Sorry, I a shower. A. take B. am taking C. was taking 27. She the book two days ago. A. has borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; for 28. Where were you at 7:00 last night? I to my mom at home. A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. was writing 29. I can't find Ted for three days. Where is he? He Beijing for a meeting. A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 30. They England and they will be back next week. A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone in D. has been on 31. ——____ you ____ to Nanhu Park a week ago? ——Yes. We had a good time there. A. Do; go B. Did; go C. Did; went 32. I ____ the book club last week and I ____ two books already. A. join; read B. joined; read C. joined; have read D. join; has read 33. ——Summer holiday is coming. What are you going to do? ——I’m not sure. Maybe I ____ to the beach. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 34. ——Your name again? I ____ catch it. ——Henry Smith. A. don’t B. didn’t C. wouldn’t D. won’t 35. ——When will he come? ——When ____, I’ll let you know. A. does he come B. he comes C. will he come D. he will come 36. The telephone ____ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. is invented B. was invented C. were invented 37. The kids may not go to school in the future. They ____ at home on computers. A. have studied B. will study C. studied 38. ——My aunt ____ me to Europe for vacation next month. ——Have a good time! A. take B. took C. will take 39. I ____ the shops. Can I get you anything? A. go to B. went to C. have gone to D. am going to 40. Many city people _____ their bikes to work every day. A. ride B. will ride C. rode D. have ridden 41. ——Have you finished the poster for the party? ——Not yet. I ____ it in two days. A. finish B. finished C. will finish 42. Next month we’re going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday ____. A. will begin B. has begun C. begins D. is beginning 43. ——Have you watched the new movie Jurassic World, Steven? ——Not yet. I ____ it with my cousin this evening. A. will watch B. was watching C. watched D. have watched 44. ——Sorry, Tom. I can’t find the book you ____ me. ——It’s OK. I don’t need it any more. A. lend B. have lent C. will lend D. lent 45. ——I have to be off right now. ——What a pity! I ____ you could stay a little longer with us. A. thought B. am thinking C. think D. was thinking
