第二版新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后习题答案解析[下]

Unit Five Health

Enhance Your Language Awareness

Words in Action

▆ Working with Words and Expressions

1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.

▆ Answers: 1) familiarize 2) prejudice 3) appealing 4) accelerated 5) threats 6) monitor 7) isolate 8) guarantee 9) infected 10) ignorance 11) was … equipped 12) processed 13) sponsor 14) resume 15) issued 16) contracted

2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.

▆ Answers:

1) take advantage of 2) by contrast 3) make room for 4) bring … to an end 5) at …best

6) have attributed … to 7) at risk 8) set aside

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▆ Increasing Your Word Power

1. Cross out the verb that CANNOT go together with the target word or expression in the circle. ▇Answers:

The word to be crossed out 1) a. process 2) b. fulfil 3) a. operate 4) d. subtract 5) c. accelerate 6) d. contract 7) c. coordinate 8) b. exercise

2. Study the prefix “self-”, and put down the Chinese meaning after each given word.

▇Answers:

self-centred a . 自我中心的，自私的 self-conscious a. (过于在乎别人的看法等而) 忸怩的；自觉的 self-confident a. 自信的 self-evident a. 显而易见的 self-discipline n. 自律，自我约束 self-esteem n. 自尊 (心)，自信 self-image n. 自我形象 self-pity n. 自怜

Now translate the Chinese given in brackets into English with words from the above list.

▇Answers:

1) feel very self-conscious about their appearance

2) need plenty of self-discipline to fight against laziness 3) couldn’t help admiring the self-confident way 4) becoming ever more self-centred 5) may seem self-evident

6) burying/indulging themselves in self-pity 7) a blow to his self-esteem 8) have a poor self-image

Grammar in Context

Observe the following sentences from both Text A and Text B, paying special attention to the anticipatory (先行词) “it” . Then do the following two tasks.

Task 1: Examine each of the following sentences and underline the real object or subject that is replaced by it. ▇Answers for reference:

1) to reach an agreement in such a delicate situation 2) the way he keeps changing his mind

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3) that perhaps he was lying 4) to be asked to speak here

5) buying so much food when the children are all away

Task 2: Complete the following sentences, using it as an anticipatory. ▇ Answers for reference: 1) It is disappointing

2) I find it useless /pointless

3) It is not possible/ It is impossible 4) They kept it a secret/ kept it quiet 5) It is still not clear

Cloze

▇ Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. ▆ Answers: 1) threat 2) at risk 3) infected 4) prejudice 5) isolated 6) contracted 7) shelter 8) grieve 9) along 10) pathway 11) issue 12) bring 13) evil

14) concern ourselves with 15) support

Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.

▆ Answers for reference:

1) Owing to ignorance of AIDS, people used to label HIV infected/carriers/victims as evils. 2) The campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be carried on, and for/at this stage

the emphasis needs to be put on the way (how) the disease is contracted.

3) We appeal to the young earnestly: Take care of your health, with which you’ll be best

equipped to handle any tough problems in your life.

4) The leading scientists will be meeting in Geneva on Friday to discuss problems largely

caused by the fierce competition in modern society.

5) His fear of heights was attributed to an extremely painful experience in his childhood.

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He was once forced to stand alone on the 10-meter diving board for up to 10 minutes. 6) We believe that with the newly issued document on improving the medical system in rural

areas, the era is to be brought to an end when such areas are always short of doctors and medicines.

2. Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions in the box below.

▇ Answers for reference:

We all want to be healthy, to be at our best when handling tough challenges. There has never been a lack of good advice on health. For example, eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, and set aside some time every week for exercise. Chronobiology, a new science, has provided us with a new approach to achieving peak efficiency. It is to coordinate our daily activities with our biological capacities. We plot on graph paper six readings of our temperature taken at four-hour intervals throughout a day, and familiarize ourselves with such information as when our body temperature begins to rise, when it reaches its peak/the highest point, and when the bottom/the lowest point appears. Then, we plan our daily activities by following the instructions given by chronobiology authorities. For instance, we tackle the most demanding physical work when our temperature is the highest. By contrast, we pursue mental activities like reading and reflection when our temperature is falling. In this way, what we actually do coincides with our body’s natural rhythms and we achieve our best as predicted.

Theme-Related Writing

▇ Do either of the following two tasks after class.

1. Write an essay entitled “AIDS across the Earth”. You can refer to the following outline for your writing. Sample essay for Task 1:

AIDS Across the Earth

AIDS has killed and is threatening to kill millions all across the earth. Several million infections are reported by WHO each year. The virus does not care whether you are black or white, male or female, young or old. It will attack you as long as you are a human. Today, AIDS has become the leading killer of young adults and is turning the children whose parents suffer the disease into orphans. It is no exaggeration to say that we live under the shadow of AIDS.

There are several possible causes for such a situation: unsafe sexual intercourse; sharing or reusing contaminated needles; transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products; an infected person’s pregnancy, giving birth and breastfeeding, etc. Unfortunately, our ignorance, prejudice and silence have carried the situation to a desperate extreme. Patients are isolated or treated as outcasts by their families and their communities. AIDS victims feel ashamed to be identified as such and try hard to hide their disease. For this reason, they cannot get immediate medical treatment. Our harmful attitudes towards the disease and its victims have actually placed more people at risk.

In our fight against this deadly disease, we should educate people on how to avoid being infected with the disease and how to lead a healthy and secure life and, more importantly, how to treat AIDS patients properly. Only in this way can we really bring AIDS under control.

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2. The following is an excerpt from an article in The Guardian. Make comments on the news.

▆ Sample essay for Task 2:

Why Do Young Adults Kill Themselves?

Young adults are in the prime of their lives and are supposed to pursue their dreams and enjoy themselves. Yet it was reported in The Guardian that suicide is the main cause of death among young adults in China. Why have so many young people ended their lives?

Three factors are thought to account for the high suicide rate: increasing stress, loneliness and a lack of medical support for depression. The most pressing one, I think, is stress. Take my college life for example. From the first day I entered the university, I have been living under pressure. I used to worry that I could not quite fit into campus life; I also feared that I might not catch up with my classmates in my studies or could not live up to my parents’ expectations. Now I am deeply concerned about whether I can find a desirable job after graduation. Endless pressures give rise to stress. Loneliness is another problem. Many young people find they just feel helpless when they are suffering intolerable sadness or frustration.

Suicide is a great tragedy, especially for the young. If we can find ways to relieve them of their stress and offer timely help, we may save many young lives. (206 words)

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Unit Six Happiness

Enhance Your Language Awareness

Words in Action

▆ Working with Words and Expressions

3. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.

▆ Answers: 1) inform 2) envious 3) attractive 4) snatched 5) is soaring 6) interpret

7) was substituted 8) spiritual 9) trivial 10) temporary 11) scales 12) cultivate 13) extravagant 14) purchase

4. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.

▆ Answers:

1) work out

2) have a clear conscience 3) other than 4) fact of life 5) On the contrary 6) cried over 7) drop by 8) show off

9) looked down on 10) crossed, off 11) wore out

12) has a great deal to do with

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▆ Increasing Your Word Power

1. Find the preposition from Column B that best matches each adjective in Column A, paying attention to the “be+adj.+prep.” collocation. Some of the prepositions can be used more than once.

▆ Answers:

1) of

2) from/of 3) with 4) for 5) on/upon 6) on 7) with 8) of 9) in 10) of

Now fill in each blank in the following sentences with a proper collocation you’ve just formed. The verb “be” has already been filled in for you. ▆ Answers:

1) envious of 2) intent upon/on 3) rich in 4) keen on

5) free from/of 6) fearful of 7) honest with 8) hungry for 9) remindful of

10) overwhelmed with

2. The suffixes -ee, -eer, -ese and -ess are used to form nouns. Study the box below and form words by adding -ee, -eer, -ese and -ess to the words given.

▆ Answers: 1) actress 2) mountaineer 3) profiteer 4) refugee 5) Vietnamese 6) trainee 7) addressee

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Now complete each of the following sentences with a proper word you have just formed, using the plural form where necessary. ▆ Answers:

1) addressee 2) mountaineer 3) actress 4) trainees 5) Vietnamese 6) refugees 7) profiteer

Grammar in Context

1. Now combine each pair of sentences into one by using one of the three phrases mentioned above.

▆ Answers for reference:

1) Judging from her accent, she is either Russian or Polish. 2) Either he could not come here or he did not want to. 3) I neither knew nor cared about what happened to him.

4) I cannot find out what the weather will be like tomorrow because there is neither TV nor radio in the house.

5) She can both speak and write Spanish.

6) The results of the research are both impressive and alarming.

2. Now translate the following sentences into English, using expressions of comparison.

▆ Answers for reference: 1) If only I could do half as well as you (have done)!

2) The press has published twice as many books as it did last year.

3) Sending gifts to your kids is not the same as giving them your companionship.

4) Since the construction of the subways was completed, the population of the suburbs has grown twice as large as that of the city proper.

5) An increase in income is far/much less important than a harmonious relationship among family members, friends and neighbors. Cloze

Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. ▆ Answers:

16) terminally 17) purchasing 18) other than

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21) was taken with 22) fact of life 23) substitute 24) tenderness 25) crossed off 26) devoting

27) railing against 28) cultivate 29) filled with

Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.

▆ Answers for reference:

1) We should be honest with ourselves and never become fogged up by greed and cry over what

we have failed to obtain.

2) It is a fact of life that happiness brought about by material things such as property

and money is temporary. 3) For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to interpret the meaning of happiness

from their own perspectives.

4) If you substitute material things for love or a hug, you will not get happiness, because

spiritual happiness has little to do with material wealth.

5) After he learned that he was terminally ill, he informed his family that he had nothing

/ no property to leave them other than the house he was living in.

6) They were worn out after a long day’s work in the fields. So seeing the sun dip below

the horizon, they couldn’t wait to go back home.

2. Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions in the box below.

▆ Answers for reference:

Nowadays, the media and commercials repeat over and over again the significance of the material side of life, so that we have been all brainwashed into believing that happiness can be purchased. We show off to people around us a new piece of property, and take pains to keep enriching our bank accounts. We are hungry for love, trying to substitute material things for love, gentleness and tenderness. However, we have never experienced maximum happiness. We are always envious of those who have more money and power. As a matter of fact, we have put our values in the wrong things and failed to tell/distinguish material happiness from spiritual happiness. Money is incredibly important, but other than it, we should also have good friends, a harmonious family, a strong body and a worthy goal. It is these things that (will) bring

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Theme-Related Writing

Do either one of the following two tasks after class.

1. Write an essay entitled “Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone”. You can refer to the following outline: 1) Material things are important for man’s existence. 2) Man also seeks spiritual satisfaction. 3) Your conclusion.

2. When we talk about happiness, we usually refer to a specific moment when we feel that we are very happy. Write a short passage about one of your happiest experiences at college. ▆ Sample Essay One:

Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone

No one would doubt the truth that man’s existence relies essentially on material things. We need them to get fed, clothed and sheltered. Once we are living near the breadline, we’ll feel frustrated and miserable. However, our contentment does not merely lie in material things. This is especially the case in modern times.

The fast-developing economy has noticeably improved our lives and fulfilled most of our material needs. Then there comes the need of spiritual satisfaction, which is derived from good health, close friends, a loving spouse, well-raised children, a home built on love, a clear conscience, a worthy goal and an enjoyable job. While material things may lose their charm over time, spiritual satisfaction will bring us lasting happiness.

Therefore, to live a happy life, we should focus more on those things that meet our spiritual demands. After all, when our need for bread is met, happiness will not come unless we feel spiritually satisfied. (156 words)

▆ Sample Essay Two:

I Really Made It

I will never forget the awful feeling in my first Oral English class at college. I tried hard to listen to every word the teacher spoke, but what she was saying made no sense to me. Bitterly, I admitted that I was so poor at listening and speaking in English.

I wept several times, cursing my middle school for failing to provide adequate listening and speaking practice. But finally I calmed down because the familiar words rang in my ears: There must be a way out. I had a rather solid foundation of English vocabulary and grammar. What was left for me to do was to increase my listening input and speaking output. I made it a rule that every morning I would do reading aloud by the campus lake for 40 minutes, and every evening I would stay in the language lab, listening to English for at least an hour.

Then at the end of the second year came my happiest moment: I got the Scholarship for Academic Excellence. When the president granted me the award, I grinned from ear to ear, realizing with pleasure that happiness is gained through hard work. (197 words)

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Unit Seven Education

Enhance Your Language Awareness

Words in Action

Working with Words and Expressions

5. In the box below are some of the words you have learnt in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:

a) associate b) specializes c) combined d) emphasis e) suffices f) phase g) presided h) peculiar i) rear

j) negotiate k) indispensable l) illusion m) implemented n) reconcile

6. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:

15) stay out of 16) try out 17) in store

18) lend themselves to 19) in essence

20) in accordance with 21) crying out for 22) See to it that 23) have no business 24) get out of 25) to this end 26) calls for 27) brought about 28) averaged out

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▆ Increasing Your Word Power

1. Study the following pairs of words which are similar in meaning. Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each pair and fill in each blank with an appropriate one. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:

1) participating 2) enroll 3) proved 4) certified 5) reveal 6) exposed 7) assume 8) think 9) host

10) presiding 11) shook 12) shuddered 13) negotiating 14) reconcile 15) diversity 16) distinction 17) imagination 18) illusion 19) scheme 20) plan

2. The prefixes radio- and tele- are used to form new words, as is shown in the following table. Now fill in the blanks in the following sentences using the words in the above table. Change the forms where necessary. ▆ Answers:

1) telescopes 2) telecast

3) Telemarketing 4) radioactive 5) radio frequency 6) teleplay

7) teleconference

Grammar in Context

1. Examine the following sentences, paying special attention to the two different sentence patterns introduced respectively by “so…that” and “such…that.” Now recast the following sentences using “so…that” or “such…that”. ▆ Answers for reference: 1) such a shy boy

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such a well-written report such a long time so many people so firmly

2. The italicised subordinators (从属连词) in the following sentences are incorrectly used. Study the sentences carefully and put the correct ones in the brackets. ▆ Answers:

1) before 2) when 3) until 4) unless 5) as

Cloze

Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given. ▆ Answers:

30) To this end 31) in store

32) indispensable 33) calls for 34) diversity 35) implement

36) In accordance with 37) emphasis 38) combining 39) in depth 40) equip

41) independent 42) access

43) get…out of

Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.

▆ Answers for reference:

1) A positive attitude towards life is indispensable in that / because it lays the

foundations for the successes of one’s future work and studies.

2) West China is crying out for talented people for its development. To this end, the

government has laid down / made favorable policies, calling for more college graduates to go and work there.

3) Upon / On graduation, the president will present you with the diploma, which certifies

that you have specialized in business administration and passed all the exams you are required to take. 4) Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction

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between the virtual world and the real world. A university will see to it that every student is put in touch with mankind’s spiritual resources, even if they are merely fragments of those great thinkers’ minds and experience.

Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth / development, people are given / can enjoy an equally convenient access to educational resources, no matter where they are.

5)

6)

2. Translate the following paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the box below.

▆ Answers for reference:

A university, in essence, provides students with both occupational training and intellectual development. The students acquire professional skills in order to have the minimum qualifications to become specialists, such as pharmacists, engineers, technicians and lawyers. It might be reasonable to believe that those skills suffice to enable them to get a good job. Nevertheless, does one feel content with merely a good job? We know that most young people who enroll in universities long for not only professional training, but also quality education; namely, they want to learn what the past learnt for them and get in touch with the minds and experience of the master thinkers in order to become civilized people. Those who are knowledgeable only in their peculiar fields may be labeled (as) “mechanized savages”, because of their incompetence in understanding the thinking and works of other fields, for example, philosophy, literature and the arts. Thus, the university is most likely to help young people realize two dreams after they graduate: having a good job where their occupational training will be effective, and living a meaningful life for which diversity of knowledge is required.

Theme-Related Writing

Do either one of the following two tasks after class. 1. Write an essay entitled “The Significance of Lifelong Education.” The following outline may be of some help:

1) In the past, a college education was enough to ensure a well-paid, much-respected job

and a sense of achievement.

2) Today, with the increasing competition in our “knowledge society”, it is a must to

renew one’s knowledge and upgrade one’s skills. What’s more, a general college education serves only as a passport to lifetime education.

3) The concept of lifelong education finds expression in the slogan “Live and Learn.”

2. “Should Family Schooling Exist?” This question is raised in a news report carried in an English newspaper in China. Read the report below and write a short essay to express your own views on the issue.

▆ Sample essay for task 1:

The Significance of Lifelong Education

Decades ago, due to the low standard of living in China, only a small percentage of the nation’s population could receive college education. Once given the opportunity, one would surely secure a well-paid and much-respected job, which he or she would probably do for a lifetime. Therefore, to secure a college degree used to be the ultimate goal of a person’s education.

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Today, however, we are living in what is called a “knowledge society,” where creative ideas and innovations are generated at a fantastic speed. One must constantly renew one’s knowledge and upgrade one’s skills so as to meet the needs of the changing world. Moreover, at the stage of general education, it is pointless for a person to attempt to know everything. When one is required to settle down to be a specialist in a specific field, one has to make an in-depth study of the subject one is supposed to know. In this sense, general education can provide students with only a passport to lifelong education. As Robert Maynard Hutchins once said, the object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives.

In my opinion, life in modern society is not only a process of “learning to live” but also a process of “living to learn”. The slogan “Live and Learn” can best reflect the concept of lifelong education. (226 words)

▆ Sample essay for task 2:

Should Family Schooling Exist？

Meng Mu Tang, a private school in Shanghai, is modeled after the educational system of ancient Chinese home schools, which favored rote memorization and recitation of classic works. But the local education authorities in Shanghai have declared it illegal according to a report in 21st Century. Should family schooling exist? What role should it play?

In my opinion, family schooling should be permitted to play a positive role in the current educational system in China. Every family should be free to choose the form of education that best suits their children’s interests and natural gifts. Although the existing education system in China has remarkably improved, it does not fit each child perfectly. Since family schooling provides a means to develop a person’s talents and unique interest, Meng Mu Tang, as a private school geared to a specific group of children, should not be banned in haste. In view of the current dynamic, quality-minded educational reforms in China, we should permit family schooling to enrich and diversify our educational system.

On the other hand, home schooling should adapt itself to the modern world. To prepare children for the future, it should equip them with knowledge and innovative power so that they can cope with the development of the modern world. While tapping children’s innate talents on an individual basis, family schooling should never neglect their all-round development. Meng Mu Tang may not be a perfect private school, but we should let it live and have a try so that family schooling may eventually become an indispensable component of our formal education. (260 words)

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