考研英语翻译练习

Directions：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Education is the sum total of one’s learning experiences during a lifetime—not just organized formal learning experiences in schools, but all learning experiences. (1) It is a process by which a person gains understanding of the self, as well as the environment. Laska provides a good view of education: Education is one of the most important activities in which human beings engage.

(2) It is by means of the educative process and its role in transmitting the cultural heritage from one generation to the next that human societies are able to maintain their existence. But education does more than just help us to keep the kind of society we already have; it is also one of the major ways in which people try to change or improve their societies.

(3) Education is a lifelong process; when only a few hours old, the infant begins exploring his environment, and he learns that a cry will bring the attention of another person to satisfy his needs. As a person grows, the process of education accelerates. The child learns how to respond to affection, how to examine things with the hands, how to manipulate objects and people. These are not taught; rather they are learned through inquiring about one’s environment. All of us can recall childhood experiences which remain as vivid in our memories as if they had

happened only yesterday.

Education is open ended. (4) It can take a variety of forms in a variety of settings with a variety of agents guiding the learning experience----It is an all-encompassing process. The classroom may be the home, the neighborhood playground, the street or alley, the woods on the family farm, the local discount store, or anywhere else. The agents of education come in many forms also— parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles, siblings, playmates, television, books, records—to name a few.

Education is both formal and informal. When we place education within a structured learning environment, we call it formal education. In our pluralistic society this usually takes place in a school, and we call it schooling. But there are other agencies that provide formal education experiences.

Informal education, on the other hand, has few——if any——bounds. It is generally unstructured. (5) It takes place in different settings and through different media———family gatherings, peer groups, playgrounds, camp and travel experiences, and sports clubs. One of the most powerful, and generally informal, means of education is the mass media.

Education is an almost constant part of our development-change-being. It permeates everything we do.

参考译文

1）教育是人们了解周围环境以及了解自身的一个过程。

2）正是通过这种教育过程以及教育在文化遗产代代相传中所起的作用，人类社会才得以保存下来。

3）教育是一个持续终生的过程。婴儿出生几个小时后就开始探索周围的环境, 并知道用哭引起别人的关注来满足自己的要求。

4）教育可以采取各种形式，在不同的环境中，通过各种不同的人或媒介手段对学习进行指导-----教育是一个包罗万象的过程。

5）非正规的教育可以在不同的环境中以不同的方式进行——如家人聚会或同辈人聚会，在运动场上，野营和旅行中，或在运动俱乐部里。