英汉翻译复习题

英汉翻译复习题

Roman jakobson三种翻译类型

语内翻译：指同一个语言当中用一些语言符号解释另一些语言符号。（例如古文翻译成现代文）

语际翻译:两种语言之间的翻译。用另一种语言的语言符号来解释一种语言的符号。

（英汉、汉英）

符际翻译：通过非语言的符号系统解释另一种语言符号或用语言符号解释非语言符号Alexsander traser tytler 论翻译的三项原则

译文应完全腹泻出原作的思想 译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同 译文应和原作同样流畅 第一章翻译的基础知识篇

If you say that someone has a skeleton in the closet, or in British English a skeleton in the cupboard, you mean that they are keeping secret a bad or embarrassing fact about themselves. 我昨天才听说他们家大儿子坐过两次牢。真不知道他们家还有多少见不得人的事情。（意译）?Dear Mark,

New York is finally getting a real sales manager. Congratulations on your new promotion.

Your marketing ability has put you well above everyone else in the company, and probably everyone else in the industry.

The company will benefit from the enthusiasm and intelligence you’ve always shown, and I imagine that before long you’ll be moving the whole firm into the number-one position. [Version] 亲爱的马克:

纽约终于有了位真正的销售(部)经理，祝贺你(的)又一次高升。 你所具有的市场营销知识(能力）使你在公司里出人头地，很可能

在整个营销业中你也高人一筹。

你一贯表现出来的热情及聪明才智将会使你的公司受益匪浅，我想不久你就会使你的公司名列同行之首。[Original]

第二章翻译的理解篇

I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield)

译文4：

我爱我的心上人，因为她那样地叫人入迷（enticing）；我恨我的心上人，因为她已订婚将作他人妻（engaged）；她花容月貌无可比拟（exquisite），我劝她私奔跟我在一起（elopement）；她的名字叫埃米莉（Emily），她的家就在东城里（east）。我为我的心上人呀，一切都因为这个E！（陆乃圣）

1 专有名词先天性歧义

1 A succulent desert catcus ...native to tropical and subtropical America.

一种多沙漠仙人掌，...原产美洲热带、亚热带地区。

2. The majority of the population is of Indian and mixed descent, with monorities of Africa descent, East Indians, and others

居民以印第安人和混血人为主，有少数非洲后裔、东印度人. 3.The first permanent Anglo- American settlement was established in 1821.

第一个永久定居点建立与1821年。

4.If the skin has become thoroughly wet or one has perspired a great deal, sunscreens should be

applied as often as every 30 to 60 minutes to maintain a reasonably high degree of effectiveness

如果浑身湿透，或者大量排汗，应每隔30 分钟到60分钟涂用一

次防晒油，以保持理想的防晒效果。

5.He was prominent in the ragged schools movement. 他在推动贫民免费学校运动中表现出色。 普通词语先天性歧义 普通词语结合后产生歧义 普通词语与专业术语的词易混淆 5 典型词语的翻译 6 语境下词语翻译

1.The United States exhibits the qualities of an individual going through a nervous breakdown.

美国表现了患神经衰弱症病人的症状。

2.Because of this explosive progress, today’s machines are millions of times more powerful than their crude ancestors.

有了这种突飞猛进的进步，今天的机器比起原始期的机器不知强了好几百万倍。

3.He is always politically incorrect. 他讲话总是不合时宜。

That was not a very happy remark. 那么说很不得体。

5.That is the bedroom I shared with John. 那是我和汤姆的卧室。

6.The friendship Nancy and I shared with Kay is one of the legacies of my government service.

我和南希与凯的友谊是当年我为服务的一个收获。

7.Roosevelt launched into a vast but impressionistic description of his plans for a world liberated from the fear of Nazi Germany.

罗斯福滔滔不绝、大而化之地描绘了他为纳粹德国恐怖的世界所制定的蓝图。

翻译的理解篇-句法

2费解句：指某些词法句法不符合中国读者和译者思维模式、句法模式而导致难以理解和翻译。

3修饰结构疑难句：修饰结构是导致句子复杂而难以翻译的句子。 4 多枝共干结构：对修饰语理解偏差而产生的歧义句。

5晦涩长句：指原文中难度大、句子繁复、作者表达晦涩以及文化背景复杂的句子。

He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay. （浓缩型思维）

他坐在那儿注视着，觉得眼前的景象，既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。（展开型思维）

相似句：看上去相似，但意义却大相径庭的两个句子，这样的句子被称为相似句或形似句。相似句对翻译的影响主要表现在以下8种类型上。

You may as well take this. 你还是收下这个的好。 You may take this as well. 你可以把这个也收下。 He foolishly spoke. 他竟然开口说话，实在很不聪明。 He spoke foolishly. 他把话讲得很不聪明。 1）语序

Anyhow, she works. 你还是收下这个的好。 She works anyhow. 你可以把这个也收下。 You may as well take this. 你还是收下这个为好。 You may take this as well. 你可以把这个也收下。 He foolishly spoke. 他竟然开口说话，实在很不聪明。 He spoke foolishly. 他把话讲得很不聪明。 2）非限定动词

I regret to say that you’ll be held responsible. 遗憾的很，你要对此负责。

I regret saying that you’d be held responsible. 真抱歉，我上次不该对你说，你要对此负责。

They were engaged to carry out an important piece of research.

聘请他们来进行一项重要的研究项目。

They were engaged in carrying out an important piece of research.

他们忙于进行一项重要的研究项目。 3）名词的数

An old car problem may arise. 可能又引起历来已久的汽车问题。 An old cars problem may arise. 可能引起旧车（处理）的问题。 She has an eye for antique furniture. 她对古代家具具有审美眼光。

She has eyes only for antique furniture. 她只看古代家具。 He is behind time. 他迟到了。 He is behind the times. 他落伍了。 His success is out of question. 他必成功。 His success is out of the question. 他必失败。 冠词

5）形容词与副词

It has been raining continually for two days. 断断续续的下了两天雨。

It has been raining continuously for two days. 雨不停地下了两天

6）介词

I swear at him. 我诅咒他。 I swear by him. 我极相信他。

He has gone into business. 他经商去了。 He has gone to business. 他上班去了。 7）否定词

He has no more than 10 books. 他只有10本书。 He has not more than 10 books. 他至多不过10本书。

He is not a little afraid of it. much He is not a bit afraid of it. not at all 8）代词

His English is anything but correct. far from他的英语错误百出。

His English is nothing but correct. only他的英语只是不错而已。 His English is all but correct. almost他的英语差不多没有错误。 They saw him through. 他们对他帮助到底。 They saw through him. 他们看透他的为人。

It has been raining continually for two days. 断续地下了两天的雨。

It has been raining continuously for two days. 不停地下了两天的雨。

His brother’s words are no more true than his. 他哥哥的话和他的话一样靠不住。?His brother’s words are not more true than his. 两兄弟讲话的真实性不相上下。

1.The wind blows south. 风从南边吹来。 2.The river flows south. 河水向南流去。

3.The apples are good and ripe. 那些苹果是很成熟了。 4.Curses come home to roost. 害人终害己。

5.He may be drowned for all I care. 就算他会溺死，我也不在乎。

6.It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 智者千虑必有一失。

7.He is ignorant to a proverb. 他的无知是有名的。 8.It is warm, not to say hot. 天气很暖和，甚至有点儿热。 9.I would rather have his room than his company. 我宁愿他不在此。

10.He said nothing to that effect. 他没有说一点含有那种意思的话。

11.We searched him to no purpose. 我们搜查过了他的身上，但一无所获。

12.Men of millions are possessed with the idea. 百万富翁都具有这种思想。

13.All my advice falls flat on him. 他把我的忠告当作耳边风。 14.He got married accepting a leap-year proposal. 他接受女方提出的求婚而结婚了。

15.He doesn’t know any better. 他居然有这样笨。

16.One observer believed Kissinger’s genius was an ability to tell nine di fferent stories to nine people,

and keep them all straight.

一位观察家认为，基辛格的天才就在于对九个人讲九种不同的事，而且记得清清楚楚。

17.It is so easy now to see the irony of smoking: Children do it to be like adults, who smoke but wish they didn’t.

如今，吸烟的讽刺意味是显而易见的——孩子们抽烟是为了模仿大人，而吸烟的大人们却后悔自己学会了吸烟。

Any excuse will do for a picture of Audrey Herburn. 为了得到奥黛丽·赫本的一张玉照，什么借口都不为过。

She was very accommodating. 她在待人接物方面做到八面玲珑。 You are not playing the game. 你不公平。

Truth lies at the bottom of the decanter. 酒后出真言。 He has a yellow streak in him. 他有胆小的气质。 I know he meant business. 我知道他不是开玩笑的。 Jack is a fair-weather friend. 杰克是个不能共患难的朋友。 It is the man behind the gun that tells. 胜败在人而不在武器。 Better not be at all than not be noble. 宁为玉碎，不为瓦全。 He had words with her. 他和她口角了。 翻译的理解篇-修饰疑难句

The commission of certain acts such as armed attacks, naval

blockades, support lent to armed gangs of terrorists was considered as a form of aggression.

从事某些诸如武装进攻、海上封锁、向的武装集团提供援助等行为，都被认为是一种侵略。

It was a tense meeting, but in typically Arab fashion the men who had been ready to kill one another in the morning were kissing one another in the evening.

这是一个气氛紧张的会议，但是那些早上准备拼个你死我活的冤家，却在晚上以典型的阿拉伯方式相互亲吻了。

Why does he say nothing about the total absence from his list of poems about the Malayan liberation struggle going on since 1948?

他开列的单子中根本没有关于1948 年以来一直在进行的马来亚斗争的诗歌，他对此为什么只字不提？

The present crisis in that country is no ordinary economic crisis which will pass away in time leaving everything much as it was before.

一般性经济危机过一段时间就会结束，然后一切恢复如初，但该国的这场危机绝非一般性危机。

翻译的理解篇-多枝共干句( 多枝共干：修饰语修饰多的成分) Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues and the

interiors of buildings.

强烈的光线和露天场所的炎热跟林荫道上的凉爽和建筑物内部形成了对比。

The development of labor and national liberation movements shows…

劳工与民族运动的发展表明……

Young Charles made little progress in Greek or Latin composition.

年轻的查尔斯的希腊文和拉丁文作文进步不大。

The Chinese Revolution produced a substantial quantitative change and soon led to a qualitative change in the world relationship of forces.

中国产生了巨大的量变，不久对世界力量的对比引起了质变。 The U. S. government waged the “dirty war” in Korea with 200, 000 and lost.

美国在朝鲜进行过一场“肮脏的战争”，死了二十万人。 翻译的理解篇-修饰疑难句-晦涩长句

Town after town numbingly demonstrated to him that his life was a paltry thing, roughly duplicated by the millions in settings where houses and porches and trees mocking those in Mt.

Judge fed the illusions of other little boys that their souls were central and important and invisibly cherished.

看到了这些千篇一律的城镇他才意识到他的生活是多么微不足道，它们的众多街景差不多是同一个模子造出来的，跟贾基山的房屋、门廊和树木十分相似，而生活在贾基山的其他小男孩看来却有一个错觉，以为他们便是世界的中心，他们的生活是有声有色和令人神往的。?Though the view from my door was still more contracted, I did not feel crowded or confined in the least. There was pasture enough for my imagination.

虽然我的门口望出去，风景范围要狭隘，我却一点不觉得它拥挤，更无被囚禁的感觉。尽够我的想象力在那里游牧的了。

Eighty poor fellows perished. 不幸有八十人死亡。

He was not amused by Pitt’s unsophisticated sense of humor.

他对皮特那种不到家的幽默感到难受。

Mark is a smart and sophisticated young man. 马克是一个聪明老成的年轻人。

They enjoyed every bit of the Communists’ simple, unsophisticated hospitality.

他们处处受到党的纯朴、真心诚意的款待。 第三章：翻译的技巧 Division（拆译法）

所谓分句法——就是把原文一个简单的句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法——就是把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个句子表达起来。

I.分句法 短句拆译

1. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. (adv.） 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

2. She wished she were at Kangding. Ordinarily, she would have been here two hours ago. ( adv.)

她真愿意那时已在康定。要是在平常的日子里，她早已到康定两个小时了。

3. Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned.

史密斯先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会，这是他的特点。

4.He crashed down on a protesting chair. 他猛然坐到一把椅子上，椅子被压得吱吱作响。

This season saw an ominous dawning of the tenth of November.

这一季节看见十一月十日的不祥的破晓。 Darkness released him from his last restraints. 黑暗把他从最后的顾忌中出来。

People who value their privileges above their principle soon lose both.

把利益看得比原则高的人很快就会把两者都失掉。

This season saw an ominous dawning of the tenth of November.

在这个季节，十一月十日黎明时分的景象是个不祥之兆。 Darkness released him from his last restraints. 在黑暗中，他就再也没有什么顾忌了。

People who value their privileges above their principle soon lose both.

重利轻义，利义皆失。

This film is a dramatic treatment of a threatened stoppage in a factory.

本片用戏剧性手法，体现一家工厂是如何面临罢工威胁的。 She was a tall silent woman with a long nose and grey troubled eyes.

她个子挺高，沉默寡言，长长的鼻子，一双灰眼睛，流露出忧郁的神情。

A new dignity crept into his walk. 走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严

Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (E. Nida, 1969/1982:12).

译文一：所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次是文体上。--孙致礼译文

长句拆译

They represented a worthy beginning to the reshaping of the United Nations concept of collective effort in international and national economic development.

它们（这个宣言和行动纲领）表明了一个可贵的开端，那就是在国际和国家经济发展方面，联合国提出了一个同心协力的新概念。

The thought that she would be separated from husband

during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs Brown.

布朗太太一想到丈夫踏上那漫长而危险的旅途，而在此期间，她又不能跟他在一起，心里不禁难过。

Accident may put a decisive blunderer in the right, but eternal defeat and miscarriage must attend the man of the best parts, if cursed with indecision.

容易出错的人，若遇事果断，仍可取得意外的成功；哪怕是最有才干的人，若优柔寡断，也定遭屡屡失误。

II. 合句法

A. 把原文中两个或以上的简单句（Simple Sentence）译成一个句子

1. There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from Sichuan.

从全国各地来的人中有许多是四川人。 2. He was very clean. His mind was open. 他为人单纯而坦率。

B. 把原文中的主从复合句（Complex Sentence）译成一句如例3 3. If we do a thing, we should do it well. 我们要干就干好。 4. It was in mid-September, and the new students attended the military training under the blazing sun. 九月中旬，新生在骄阳下军训。

5. Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.

家，阔别了七年的家，这个词对他是多么亲切啊！

Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.

美国人有的精神，有自主的权利，并为此感到自豪。 The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry. 电视普及，盗版问题严重，导致了电影业的衰落。

Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.

由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，温差很小。

Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.

与大部分工业化国家相比，美国人休假时间短，休假次数少。 The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century. 随着新世纪的开始，加强美中关系变得越来越重要。

Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages. 某些产业劳动力日益短缺，将使工人更有权利要求较高的工资。

New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million.

纽约已经成为西方世界最具影响力的大城市之一，目前人口已达800万。

Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US.

虽然美国是个富裕的国家，但全国仍然存在着贫穷和严重的收入差别问题。

自我练习：P47

词类转换法（Conversion）的翻译技巧 包括以下技巧：

转译为动词转译为名词转译为形容词转译为副词 1. 转译成动词

. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph 无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。

An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation.

读一点世界史，对学习翻译是有帮助的。

A view of Mt. E-mei can be obtained from here. 从这儿可以看到峨嵋山。

B. 英语中加后缀-er, -or 的名词，在句中并不表身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意义。

5. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker. 他倒是不抽烟，但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽（是个老烟）。 6. He was a regular visitor.他经常来。

7. What kind of sailor are you? (a bad sailor or a good sailor?) 你晕不晕船？

C. 前置词转换为动词

8. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.

“来啊!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了, 越过草地, 跑上小径,跨上台阶, 穿过凉台,进了门廊。

9. Jones opened the windows to let fresh air in. 琼斯把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来.

10. That day she was up before sunrise. 那天她在日出前就起来了.

2. 转译成名词 A. Verbs-Nouns

1. She behaves as if she were a child. 她的举止跟一个孩子一样。

2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.

一个衣着讲究的人上了车，他的言谈举止像个美国人。 B. Adjectives-Nouns

1.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.

他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

2. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.

罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。 3. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。

4. This problem is no less important than that one. 这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。

Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth. 玻璃的透明度比塑料布要好。

no less than… “同…一样”，“不亚于” C. Adverbs—Nouns

1. It is editorially said that…社论说……

2. He is strong physically, but weak mentally.他体力很强，可智力很弱。

3. The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1.

图一所示是这种新型机器的简图。 3. 转译成形容词 A. Nouns—Adjectives

I can note the grace of her gesture. 我可以看到她优雅的举止。

2. We have seen the beauty of Mt. Tai. 我们看到了美丽的泰山。

3. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 思考是学习所绝对必要的。 B. Adverbs—Adjectives

4. The English language has changed subtly and pervasively. 5. She looked at me expectantly.

6. Hopefully, it will be done early next month.

7.“Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two. 他慢条斯理地点了一两下头说：“是的。”

8. They give him a hearty welcome. 他们热忱地欢迎他。 9. He will give an immediate reply. 他会立即答复。

汉译英中副词转为形容词，常常是与动词转译为名词关联着的。动词转译为名词，这原文中修饰动词的副词也自然地要转译为形容词，以修饰名词。例如第7、8、9、等。

4. 转译成副词 A. Nouns—Adverbs

1. The man nodded with satisfaction.那人满意地点了点头。 2. He had the honor to attend the congress. 他荣幸地出席了代表大会。

B. Adjectives—Adverbs

3. He had a careful study of the map before he started off. 他在出发前仔细地看了看地图。

4. Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence? 你能准确地把这句话译出来吗？

很简单，由于英语中带有动作意味的名词汉译为动词，因而原文修饰名词的形容词也业相应地汉译为副词，以便修饰动词。

自做练习P50-52 （homework） Amplification (增译法) 1、增加动词

1). Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

读书使人渊博,交谈使人机敏,写作使人严谨。

2) . We don’t regret, we never have and never will. 我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。 3). After the basketball, he still has an important conference 看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。 2. 增加形容词或副词

1). With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!

中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！ 2). The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。

3). As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 4). She lingered long over his letter. 她反反复复地回味着他的来信。

5). In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together.

在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。

3. 增加名词

1). First you borrow, then you beg. 头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。

2). Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer. 玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。 3). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted 他吃了点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。 4). That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。

5). He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。

6). A new kind of car—small, cheap—is attracting increasing attention.

一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意——这种轿车体积小，价钱便宜。

由例５、６、７可见，均在形容词前增加名词，从而使译文更具

体，更符合译语习惯。8). His arrogance made everyone dislike him.

他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。

9). After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.

一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。

由例8 、9可以看出，某些动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可以根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更符合规范。又如：

to persuade 说服persuasion说服工作 to prepare 准备preparation准备工作 backward 落后backwardness落后状态 tense 紧张tension紧张局势 arrogant 自满arrogance自满情绪 mad 疯狂madness 疯狂行为

antagonistic敌对antagonism 敌对态度 4、增加语气词或量词

1)don’t get angry.i m just making f un of you. 不要生气嘛，我只不过是开开玩笑罢了。

2). As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢，从一开始就不赞成。

3). They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated.

那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不沮丧 4). A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon. 一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。

5). A stream was winding its way through the valley in into the Dadu river.

一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了。

6）This too was a complicate lie. 这也纯粹是一派胡言。 7). Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次，他们争吵了一番。

8). Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。

9). The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.万变不离其宗。

Omission (省译法)

1). A book is useful. 书（是）有用（的）。

2). The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 3). On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上课。 1. 省略代词

1).He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。

2). We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。

3). Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new Campus.

新校区处处可以看到新人、新事物。

4). If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。 5). I have received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到了你的信，愉快地读了。

6) When conditions exist, go ahead; when they don’t, create them and go ahead.

有条件要上；没有条件，创造条件也要上。

例2、3英语句子的主语都是泛指的，在译成汉语时，多省掉。又如: “You can never tell.”译为：“很难说”。

7). I wash my face in the morning. 我早上洗脸。

8). He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.

他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。 练习

1). If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.

小不忍则乱大谋。

2). Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.

交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。（钟述孔《英汉翻译手册》）

3). He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.

没有调查研究就没有发言权。

4）You want the horse to run fast and yet you don’t let it graze. Isn’t it ridiculous!

又要马儿跑得快, 又要马儿不吃草, 简直可笑。

5).Don’t put your hands in your pockets. 别把手搁在口袋里。 5). It is getting colder day by day. 一天天冷起来了。

6) It is better to try and fail than never try at all. 尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。

7). It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks. 你三星期完成这项设计不容易。

8). It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.

把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。 2. 省略连词

1). He looked gloomy and troubled. （表并列） 他看上去有些忧愁不安。

2). As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater. （表原因）

温度升高，水的体积就增大。

3). We knew winter vocation was coming as (because) we had seen the big stone in the River.

（表原因）（我们）看见了河里大石头，就知道寒假要来了。 4). If winter comes, can spring be far behind? （表条件）冬天

来了，春天还会远吗？

5). When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north. （表时间）东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。

3. 省略前置词（介词）

1). The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。

2). In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal. 埃及占领苏伊士运河是在一九五六年七月。

3). And on July 1st, 1999, I graduated from university.一九九九年七月一日，我大学毕业了。

4). Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不准吸烟。 4. 省略冠词

1). A book is useful. 书（是）有用（的）。 2). The earth goes around the sun.地球绕太阳转。

（省略表示独一无二的事物的定冠词the）又如：The moon was slowly rising above the sea.）

3). A teacher should have patience in his work.当教员的应当有耐心。（省略表示类别的不定冠词A）

4). The girl standing at the window is his girlfriend. 站在窗口的（那个）女孩是他女朋友。

5). Milk is sold by the pound. 牛奶按磅计价。（牛奶是论磅卖。） 6). He left without a word. 他一句话不说就走了。 7). The children are of an age. 这些孩子都是同岁的。 1.We can not see sound waves as they travel through air. 声波通过空气传播，是看不见的。（省人称代词）

2.The dog is stretching itself.这条狗在伸懒腰。(省反身代词） 3.It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast. 寒冷阴沉的一天，乌云密布。（省略非人称代词it)

4.I can do it, and so can you. 我能做，你也能做。（省略并列连

词）

Smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 仓库重地，严禁吸烟。（省略介词）

6.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。（省从属连词）

7.A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainment but no virtue.

聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。（省关系代词） 词义的褒贬

1) He was a man of high renown (fame).他是位有名望的人。（褒）

2) As a demanding boss, he excepted total loyalty and dedication from his employees.

他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下的人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。（贬）

3) Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.

凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。（贬）

4）\"He was polite and always gave advice willingly,\" she recalled.

她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。”（褒） 2. 根据上下文来确定其褒贬意义

5）The adoption of new policies will surely lead to some striking results.

采取各项新必将带来显著成果。

6) There would have been more painful result but for the drastic measures.

若不是采取了严厉措施，那将会出现的更痛苦的后果。 1.This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。

That’s a tall story about the town’s high street. 有关这城主街的说法是在令人难以置信。

She told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby. 她对我说她那18岁的儿子是她子女中最小的。

He is unhappy now, because he had a blue with his friend just now.

他正闷闷不乐，因他刚才和朋友吵了架。 a broken man a broken soldier broken money 一个绝望的人，一个残废兵，零钱

We should settle the disputes in the context of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 我们应本着和平共处五项原则的精神解决争端。

He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

我们又一次领受了他渊博的知识、丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。 Mr. Smith has stepped into the vintage years. 史密斯先生已步入成熟之年。（即老年） Negation (正说反译、反说正译法) --“Are you not going tomorrow?” --“No, I’m not going.”

2. “I don’t think you’re right in this point.”

A. Some Idiomatic Expressions1. riot police 防暴(即anti-riot police，而不是的)

2. crisis law 反危机法案(即anti-crisis law) 3. spy film 反谍影片

4. After you, sir. 先生，您先请。

5. 路上辛苦了。Did you have a good trip? 6. Keep in lane! 不准换线！

7. Keep off the lawn! 请勿践踏草地！（正说反译） 8. Just make yourself at home. 不要客气。/别见外

9. He was the last man to say such things. 他绝不会说这样的话。

B. Negation--Affirmation1. Isn’t it funny! 真逗！ 2. I couldn’t agree more with you.我完全同意你的看法。 3. The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.

归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。

4. Appearances are deceptive.外貌是靠不住的。 C. Affirmation—Negation

5 . When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve re ad your article. We expected to meet an older man.”

当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡地说：“我们看过你的文章，但没想到你这么年轻。”

6. That’s a thing that might happen to any man.这种事情谁也难免。

7. His speech leaves much to be desired. 他的讲话很不如人意。 D: The Shift of Perspective (视角转换） 1 .Good winner, good loser. 胜不骄，败不馁。

2. The darkness was thinning, but they were still in bed. 天渐渐有些亮了，但他们还在睡。

I have failed to convince him of his error. 我没能说服他，让他知道自己的错误。

The teacher found some of the students absent. 老师发现有的学生不在。

His answer is beside the mark. 他的回答文不对题。

They never see each other without talking about Super Girl's Voice.

他们每次见面总是先谈论超级女声。

The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions

at the lower level.

那里的县委不了解下情。

That fellow is far from being honest. 那家伙很不老实。 She refrained from laughing. 她忍住了，没有发笑。

All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do

translation work. 并非外语院校的毕业生都分配去做翻译工作。 1. to smell a rat 2.at the eleventh hour 3. a fly in the ointment 4. of an age

5. to hold the purse string

6. put one’s foot in one’s mouth 7. to look for a needle in a haystack 8.to break even 9. for a song 10. a flash in the pan 1. 觉得可疑 2. 在最后关头 3. 美中不足的事 4. 同岁 5. 掌管金钱 6. 说错话 7. 海底捞针 8. 不赔不赚 9. 便宜地 10. 昙花一现

1. to show one’s colors 1.原形毕露 2.to kiss the hare’s foot 2迟到 3.to break even 3.不赔不赚

4.a bed of roses 4.安乐窝 5. rush hour 高峰时刻 1)extremely urgent十万火急

2)underestimate one’s own capabilities妄自菲薄 3)commit the same error重蹈覆辙 4) full of conceit目空一切 5) miss a good chance错失良机 6) fellow sufferers难兄难弟

7)make a superficial change 换汤不换药

8) The dishes from Chinese cuisine are meant to be both visually appealing and flavorous.

中国菜色香味俱全。

9）The evil which they did lives after them. 他们所做的坏事将遗臭万年